From ‘Surplus Land’ to Protected Habitat: How Kerala Eravikulam Grasslands Escaped Erasure
Once labelled as “vacant” and earmarked for redistribution, the high-altitude grasslands of Eravikulam in Kerala’s Western Ghats narrowly avoided being lost to plantations and administrative oversight. Today, the landscape forms Eravikulam National Park, home to the world’s largest population of the endangered Nilgiri tahr and the famed Neelakurinji bloom.
Located near Munnar in Idukki district, the park’s shola–grassland ecosystem was long misunderstood by colonial administrators and later by post-Independence revenue officials, who saw grasslands as unproductive land rather than a distinct ecological system.
Colonial Classifications and Land Reforms Put Grasslands at Risk
During British rule, estate records described Eravikulam’s upper slopes as “estate waste...









