Scientists are exploring a new way to tackle plastic pollution by turning milk-based materials into biodegradable plastic that naturally decomposes in soil. Researchers from Flinders University in South Australia have developed an experimental plastic film using milk proteins, starch, and nanoclay, offering a promising alternative to conventional plastic packaging.
As concerns rise over environmental damage and the health risks linked to petroleum-based plastics, research into biodegradable materials is gaining momentum. The newly developed film is designed to maintain strength and flexibility while breaking down far more quickly than traditional plastic.
The research team created the plastic film by blending calcium caseinate, a substance derived from casein, the main protein found in milk, with modified starch and bentonite nanoclay. To improve flexibility and durability, glycerol and polyvinyl alcohol were added to the mixture.
According to the study published in the journal *Polymers*, this combination resulted in a thin but functional film that can be used for packaging purposes. Laboratory tests showed that the material steadily decomposes when placed in normal soil conditions, with complete breakdown expected in about 13 weeks.
Biodegradability tests indicated that the material disintegrates without leaving harmful residues. Microbial studies also showed that bacterial growth remained within safe limits, confirming that the plastic does not pose additional biological risks. However, the researchers noted that the material is not designed to be antimicrobial and recommended further testing before commercial use.
Professor Youhong Tang, a nanomaterials researcher at Flinders University, emphasized the importance of developing safer alternatives for single-use plastics. He noted that many conventional plastics contain thousands of chemicals, some of which are toxic and potentially cancer-causing.
Global plastic production continues to rise, with forecasts suggesting a 70 percent increase between 2020 and 2040 if current trends continue. Most plastic waste comes from food packaging, and only a small fraction is recycled. The researchers believe that biodegradable materials like milk-based plastics could significantly reduce long-term pollution.
The study also highlighted that using inexpensive, naturally available ingredients makes this approach suitable for large-scale adoption, provided future testing confirms its safety, durability, and cost efficiency.
The project involved collaboration with chemical engineering researchers from Colombia, including scientists from the Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. The team explored how natural polymers and nanoclays could enhance the strength and barrier properties of biodegradable plastics without compromising environmental safety.
Researchers involved in the study stressed that biodegradable alternatives must be part of a broader shift toward sustainable consumption and circular economy models. They emphasized that reducing plastic use, improving material design, and responsible waste management must work together to address the global plastic crisis.
While the findings are promising, the scientists caution that further testing is required before the material can be widely used in commercial packaging. Future research will focus on improving durability, evaluating antibacterial properties, and assessing performance under real-world conditions.
The study demonstrates that everyday materials often considered waste or low-value can be transformed into practical, environmentally friendly solutions. If scaled successfully, milk-based biodegradable plastics could play an important role in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering plastic pollution worldwide.