Africa’s coastlines are entering a dangerous new phase as sea levels rise faster than previously recorded, according to research led by the University of Cape Town.
The study found that the 2023–2024 El Niño triggered the largest sea level surge ever observed in the region, surpassing even the historic 1997–1998 event. Since 1993, sea levels around Africa have risen by over 11 cm, accelerating at an increasing rate.
Researchers say this surge was not caused by El Niño alone. A rare combination of climate patterns, including warming oceans and atmospheric changes, amplified the impact. Over 70% of the rise was driven by thermal expansion, where warming water expands and raises sea levels.
The consequences are severe. More than 15 million people in coastal cities such as Lagos, Accra and Dar es Salaam now face heightened flood risks. Fisheries are also under threat as ocean conditions disrupt marine ecosystems, affecting food security and livelihoods.
Scientists are calling for urgent action, including stronger coastal protection, better monitoring systems and climate adaptation strategies, warning that Africa’s coastlines are becoming early indicators of global climate risks.