More than 1,600 years after it disappeared, the legendary Lighthouse of Alexandria is slowly re-emerging from beneath the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Archaeologists working off the coast of Alexandria have successfully recovered massive stone blocks weighing up to 80 tons, believed to be key structural elements of one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
The discovery comes as part of the PHAROS underwater research project, which has been studying the submerged ruins for decades. Recently, researchers lifted 22 monumental blocks from the seabed, marking one of the most significant breakthroughs in the exploration of the site. These stones, which include lintels, thresholds, door frames and paving slabs, offer valuable clues about the original architecture and scale of the lighthouse.
The site itself has been known since 1968, when submerged ruins were first identified beneath the sea. However, it was in 1994 that archaeologist Jean-Yves Empereur led a detailed survey, documenting more than 3,300 artifacts scattered across the seabed. These included sphinxes, obelisks, columns and large granite blocks, all linked to the lighthouse and nearby structures.
Massive Stone Blocks Provide Clues To Ancient Engineering
Experts say the newly recovered blocks likely formed part of the grand entrance of the lighthouse, showcasing a blend of Egyptian and Greek architectural styles. Each stone weighs between 70 and 80 tons, highlighting the extraordinary engineering capabilities of ancient builders.
The lighthouse was constructed in the 3rd century BCE under the rule of Ptolemy I Soter and designed by Sostratus of Cnidus. Standing over 100 meters tall, it served as a vital navigational aid for ships traveling through the busy Mediterranean waters for more than a thousand years.
Its strategic location and powerful light helped sailors avoid dangerous coastlines as they approached the bustling port city of Alexandria. For centuries, it remained one of the most iconic symbols of human achievement in engineering and design.
Digital Reconstruction Bringing The Lost Wonder Back To Life
In addition to recovering the stones, scientists are using advanced photogrammetry techniques to scan each piece in high detail. These scans are being used to create accurate digital models, allowing researchers to reconstruct the lighthouse virtually.
The project has already digitized more than 100 blocks underwater, and the newly recovered pieces are expected to significantly enhance the reconstruction process. By combining these models with ancient descriptions and historical records, researchers aim to recreate the structure as it once stood.
The lighthouse is believed to have been destroyed by a series of powerful earthquakes, with a major event in 1303 causing irreversible damage. Over time, many of its stones were reused in nearby buildings, including the Qaitbay Citadel, constructed in the 15th century on the same site.
Today, as archaeologists continue to recover and study these massive fragments, the lost wonder is gradually taking shape once again. The findings not only shed light on ancient construction techniques but also bring humanity closer to understanding one of history’s greatest architectural achievements.