Ethiopia’s Afar and Oromia regions have experienced a series of earthquakes since early 2025, sparking fears of volcanic eruptions near the Fentale and Dofen volcanoes. The strongest quake, with a magnitude of 5.7, struck on January 4, a day after a 5.5-magnitude tremor hit the same area. Two additional earthquakes followed over the weekend of January 11.
The Ethiopian Disaster Risk Management Council is relocating around 60,000 residents to temporary shelters, citing risks of further quakes and potential volcanic activity.
The earthquakes are linked to magmatic activity, where magma (molten rock) is intruding beneath the Fentale and Dofen volcanoes. Ethiopia lies within the East African Rift System, a geologically active zone, making both earthquakes and volcanic activity common.
According to volcano researcher Amdemichael Tadesse, magma movement is generating sustained seismic activity, with pressure causing surrounding rocks to crack and release seismic waves.
While earthquakes in Ethiopia rarely trigger volcanic eruptions, the ongoing seismic activity near these active volcanoes has raised concerns. Both Fentale and Dofen are part of Ethiopia’s 50 active volcanoes, most located in the rift system. Active volcanoes have magma stored within their crust, capable of future eruptions, while dormant volcanoes remain inactive for thousands of years.
Volcanoes and earthquakes are natural phenomena resulting from tectonic plate movements. The lithosphere, Earth’s outer layer, is fractured into plates that move slowly, driven by currents in the mantle. Interactions at plate boundaries often cause geological activity, including earthquakes and eruptions.
Although natural disasters cannot be prevented, Ethiopia is taking steps to mitigate their impacts:
- Monitoring Systems: Seismic activity and ground deformation are being tracked via satellite and seismic networks. These systems provide early warnings for potential eruptions.
- Risk Mapping: Identifying high-risk zones helps guide urban planning and evacuation strategies.
- Crisis Communication: Authorities are improving communication with affected populations through public announcements and exploring modern technologies like mobile apps and SMS alerts.
- Community Preparedness: Regular drills and educational campaigns equip residents with the knowledge to respond effectively.
- Emergency Supplies: Stockpiling essential resources like food, water, and medical kits ensures timely assistance.
- Specialised Teams: Expert response teams in volcanology, seismology, and disaster management are critical during crises.
Ethiopia can adopt lessons from countries like Japan, known for its disaster preparedness culture. Routine drills, widespread education, and active community engagement have significantly reduced the impact of natural hazards in Japan.
By integrating modern technologies, strengthening infrastructure, and fostering a culture of preparedness, Ethiopia can better manage the risks posed by earthquakes and volcanic activity. These measures aim to safeguard lives, infrastructure, and the environment amidst the challenges posed by its dynamic geological landscape.