In a landmark step to combat plastic pollution South Africa Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Dr Dion George, has unveiled draft regulations proposing a nationwide ban on plastic microbeads. The move aims to protect marine biodiversity, river systems, and even human health from the growing dangers posed by microplastics.
The proposed rules, open for public comment, would prohibit the manufacture, sale, import, and export of microbeads and products containing them. These tiny particles, often less than five millimetres in size, are commonly used in cosmetics, cleaning agents, pesticides, and toiletries for their abrasive properties. But their environmental cost is steep they do not biodegrade, slip easily through water treatment systems, and accumulate in oceans, lakes, and soil.
A Silent but Severe Health Risk
Scientists warn that microplastics are not only harming fish, seabirds, and marine mammals but also entering the human food chain. Once ingested, they can carry toxic chemicals into the body, potentially affecting the liver, kidneys, and nervous system. Emerging research also links microplastic exposure to inflammation, hormonal disruption, and even cardiovascular problems.
Phasing Out for Change
The draft law, introduced under the National Environmental Management Act, gives businesses a 24-month phase-out period to adapt. Manufacturers, importers, and retailers will need to notify authorities of current microbead use, submit a plan to replace them, and redesign products with safer alternatives. Non-compliance could lead to fines of up to R10 million or prison sentences of up to 20 years.
Looking Beyond Plastic
Environmental advocates say this is also an opportunity to promote sustainable substitutes. Natural exfoliants like ground apricot shells, salt crystals, sugar, coffee grounds, and plant-based cellulose can replace microbeads in personal care products. In industrial cleaning, biodegradable abrasives and eco-friendly materials are already gaining traction.
A Step Towards Global Alignment
If implemented, South Africa will join a growing list of nations banning microbeads in line with global sustainability goals, including clean water and reduced marine pollution. The government is encouraging public participation, with written feedback due within 30 days of publication in the Government Gazette.