Earth’s magnetic north pole has moved again, drawing closer to Siberia, according to the latest update of the World Magnetic Model (WMM). This shift could have significant implications for global navigation systems, including those used by commercial aviation and GPS devices.
Unlike the fixed geographic North Pole, magnetic north is influenced by the turbulent movement of molten iron in Earth’s core. The pole has been drifting for centuries, but its speed increased dramatically in the 1990s, reaching a peak of 34.2 miles (55 km) per year before slowing to around 21.7 miles (35 km) per year by 2015.
The WMM, updated every five years, ensures accurate navigation for planes, ships, and military operations. If updates are delayed, navigation errors could occur. Dr. Arnaud Chulliat, a senior researcher at the University of Colorado, cautioned that outdated models could lead to larger errors over time.
Since explorer Sir James Clark Ross located the pole in 1831, magnetic north has migrated over 600 miles (1,000 km) from Canada to Russia. Scientists warn that further acceleration is possible, and a full reversal of Earth’s magnetic field where north and south poles swap could disrupt communications, GPS systems, power grids, and even animal migration.
While a full pole reversal is unlikely soon, the magnetic field remains in flux. Scientists will continue to monitor its movements to ensure navigation models stay accurate.