As global temperatures rise heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke are becoming more common. While they may seem similar at first, the difference between these two conditions could mean life or death, experts warn.
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body struggles to cool down, typically due to prolonged exposure to heat or intense physical activity. The core temperature rises, but remains under 40°C. Symptoms include weakness, nausea, intense thirst, and dizziness, but the individual’s mental clarity remains unaffected.
Heat stroke, on the other hand, is far more severe and classified as a medical emergency. When the body’s core temperature surpasses 40°C, the results can be catastrophic, with symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Without immediate intervention, heat stroke can lead to organ failure or death.
The human body is equipped with mechanisms to maintain a stable core temperature of around 37°C. However, in extreme heat especially with high humidity these systems can fail. Humid conditions slow sweat evaporation, the body’s primary cooling method. This can lead to heat exhaustion as the body struggles to shed excess heat. If the heat continues to build, it progresses to heat stroke, where critical bodily functions start shutting down.
The risk isn’t confined to athletes or laborers. Vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with chronic illnesses like diabetes or heart disease, are especially susceptible. Outdoor workers, such as farmers and firefighters, face heightened risks, as do those performing strenuous activities without adequate hydration.
Management of heat exhaustion involves moving the affected person to a cooler environment, removing excess clothing, and encouraging hydration. For heat stroke, emergency medical care is essential. Hospitals employ rapid cooling methods such as ice packs or immersion in cold water, while simultaneously stabilizing the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation.
The increase in heat-related illnesses underscores the urgent need to address climate change and raise awareness about prevention. Recognizing early warning signs and taking prompt action could prevent minor discomfort from escalating into a life-threatening situation.