A new study from South Africa has found that parks, community gardens and other public green spaces can play a crucial role in helping cities adapt to climate change while strengthening community resilience.
Researchers from the University of Pretoria examined three public spaces in Tshwane, South Africa’s fourth largest city, to understand how urban green spaces help communities cope with rising temperatures, flooding and other climate related challenges.
The study found that parks and community gardens not only reduce urban heat and improve flood management but also serve as important social infrastructure by bringing people together, strengthening community networks and supporting vulnerable populations.
One of the sites studied, Moja Gabedi, was transformed from an illegal dumpsite into a food garden and therapeutic space. The project now produces vegetables, fruits and herbs, supports food security, provides fresh produce to a transitional shelter for people recovering from drug addiction, and offers psychological and social support services. The site’s vegetation and ponds also help cool the surrounding area.
Another site, Muckleneuk Commons, was designed as a community park along a busy commuter route, providing shaded resting areas, drinking water and gathering spaces for pedestrians.
The researchers also examined Burgers Park, Tshwane’s oldest municipal park, established in 1874. While the park remains an important refuge for residents, particularly unhoused people, the study found that greater community participation could improve its role in delivering social support programmes.
According to the researchers, public spaces are most effective when they are developed with local communities rather than solely for them. Community participation in designing and maintaining green spaces helps create a stronger sense of ownership, encourages long-term stewardship and allows these spaces to evolve in response to changing climate conditions and local needs.
The study also highlighted the importance of local leaders and community champions in driving successful climate adaptation projects. Researchers said cities should view parks and green spaces not only as environmental assets but also as social infrastructure that strengthens resilience, supports vulnerable communities and improves urban well-being in the face of climate change.