A monumental banyan tree in Munger, Bihar, believed for generations to be centuries old, has now been scientifically dated to at least 700 years according to a Cambridge University study. The finding makes it the oldest accurately dated Ficus benghalensis (banyan) tree reported so far.
Published on April 26, 2026 the study used advanced radiocarbon dating to determine the tree’s minimum age. Researchers analysed wood samples from its secondary trunk and primary branch, providing scientific evidence for an age that had previously been based largely on local folklore and historical accounts.
The development was also officially recognised by the Department of Science and Technology on July 3, 2026, which confirmed that the Munger banyan’s age had been established through radiocarbon methods rather than historical records.
Determining the age of tropical trees is particularly challenging because many species do not develop the clearly defined annual growth rings commonly used to date trees in temperate regions.
The Munger banyan also has the complex, multi-stemmed structure typical of mature banyan trees, making conventional tree-ring analysis ineffective. Researchers instead used advanced radiocarbon techniques, including alpha cellulose extraction and precise sampling to establish its age.
Environmentalists say the scientific dating is significant because it replaces estimates based on folklore with measurable evidence.
The scientific confirmation could also help efforts to protect the tree as a heritage asset. Environmentalist Jasmit S Arora said establishing the antiquity of such trees provides stronger evidence for legal heritage recognition and long term conservation planning.
Ancient banyan trees can serve important ecological functions beyond their cultural value. Their extensive branches, aerial roots and large canopies create habitats for numerous organisms and can support local biodiversity.
Their large biomass also allows them to store significant amounts of carbon. Deep root systems can contribute to soil stability and groundwater recharge, while broad canopies can provide shade and influence local microclimates.
Experts say ancient trees are increasingly important as urbanisation and climate pressures intensify. Because they have survived for centuries, such trees also represent long-term ecological records and may contain genetic characteristics that have enabled them to withstand changing environmental conditions.
The loss of an ancient tree can therefore have consequences beyond the disappearance of a landmark. Centuries of accumulated biomass, habitat and ecological functions cannot be quickly recreated by planting a new tree.
The Munger banyan’s scientifically established age could consequently provide a model for identifying and protecting other ancient trees whose ages have so far been based mainly on traditional accounts.