In a major scientific milestone for India’s livestock sector, the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) has successfully produced calves of the prized Sahiwal breed using advanced assisted reproductive technologies, marking a first for the institute.
The achievement, announced by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), is expected to accelerate genetic improvement and conservation of indigenous cattle breeds. The breakthrough was accomplished using a combination of ultrasound-guided ovum pick-up, in vitro fertilisation, and embryo transfer collectively known as OPU–IVF–ET technology.
Scientists at IVRI initiated a focused programme in 2022–23 aimed at enhancing the genetic potential of India’s native dairy breeds, including Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Murrah buffalo. After years of refinement and experimentation, the team achieved a significant milestone in early 2026.
Within just five days, starting February 28, five healthy Sahiwal calves were born using the advanced technique. Researchers said the calves represent not only a technological success but also a major genetic advancement, as they were developed from superior germplasm.
The donor cow used in the process was a high-yielding Sahiwal, producing over 12 litres of milk per day, while the semen was sourced from a proven bull with strong maternal lineage and high lactation performance. This combination ensured that the resulting calves carry enhanced genetic traits for productivity and resilience.
The institute also demonstrated high efficiency in key stages of the process. Scientists were able to retrieve viable oocytes even without hormonal stimulation, with average recovery rates exceeding 13 in Sahiwal cattle. Embryo development rates were also impressive, with blastocyst formation exceeding 47 percent in cattle comparable to global standards.
Experts say this advancement could play a crucial role in strengthening India’s dairy sector by enabling faster multiplication of elite indigenous breeds. The Sahiwal cattle is particularly valued for its high milk yield, heat tolerance, and adaptability to local climatic conditions.
Beyond immediate scientific success, IVRI plans to scale up the application of OPU–IVF–ET technology to support large-scale breeding programmes. The institute is also aiming to organise training initiatives to develop skilled professionals and encourage entrepreneurship in the livestock sector.
Researchers believe such innovations can bridge the gap between scientific research and field-level application, helping farmers access high-quality livestock while preserving India’s rich genetic resources.
The development is being seen as a significant step toward sustainable dairy farming, combining modern biotechnology with the conservation of indigenous breeds that are better suited to local environments and changing climate conditions.