Scientists at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) have developed a promising new method to eliminate drywood termites using a safer and more environmentally friendly chemical that targets the insects without posing risks to humans.
The research, published in the Journal of Economic Entomology found that a chemical called bistrifluron destroyed nearly 95% of termite colonies during laboratory testing by interfering with the insects’ ability to grow new exoskeletons.
Drywood termites are among the most destructive household pests because they live hidden inside wooden structures, making infestations difficult to detect until severe damage has already occurred. Traditional termite treatments often rely on toxic fumigation methods that require homeowners to vacate their homes for days.
Researchers say the newly tested chemical could offer a more targeted alternative.
Chemical Stops Termites From Molting
According to the study, bistrifluron works by blocking the production of chitin, a key material termites need to build their exoskeletons. Since termites must molt several times throughout their lives, the inability to form a new outer shell eventually kills them.
Nicholas Poulos, a doctoral student in UCR’s Department of Entomology and lead author of the study, said the treatment specifically targets insects and avoids the mammal toxicity concerns associated with many conventional termite control chemicals.
Scientists explained that humans have internal skeletons, while termites rely on external exoskeletons for support and protection. By disrupting this biological process, the chemical creates a lethal weakness in the insects.
Entire Colonies Destroyed Through Food Sharing
One of the study most significant findings was the way the chemical spread throughout termite colonies.
After feeding on treated wood, exposed termites transferred contaminated material to other colony members through social feeding behavior. Researchers observed that even when only a small percentage of termites came into direct contact with the chemical, entire colonies eventually collapsed.
In some experiments, groups reached 100% mortality within 90 days.
The treatment acts more slowly than conventional fumigation, but scientists believe the long-term effectiveness and lower toxicity could make it a valuable alternative for homeowners.
Researchers Also Tested Pine Scent Strategy
In a related experiment, the UCR team studied the use of pinene, a pine tree scent that naturally attracts termites.
When pinene was combined with insecticide treated wood, termite mortality increased significantly. Researchers reported that mortality rates rose from roughly 70% to over 95% when the scent was added.
Scientists believe this approach could improve localized termite treatments while reducing the amount of insecticide needed.
Safer Alternative to Traditional Fumigation
Traditional fumigation methods can be expensive, disruptive, and potentially hazardous. Homeowners are often required to seal food items, leave their homes temporarily, and undergo lengthy treatment procedures.
Researchers say the new method may provide a less invasive option because it targets termites directly inside the wood without requiring full house tenting.
The team is now working to develop more practical application methods suitable for real world use, as the current study relied on acetone based formulations that are not ideal for household treatments.
Growing Global Termite Threat
Western drywood termites are native to parts of California and Mexico but have spread to several countries through global lumber transport and trade. Scientists warn that climate change may further expand termite habitats into new regions.
Researchers say safer, low-impact pest control methods will become increasingly important as termite infestations continue to spread worldwide.
The study has raised hopes for a future termite treatment that combines effectiveness, lower toxicity, and long-term protection without the need for harmful fumigation chemicals.