Beijing: China large scale afforestation programme, launched in 1978 to curb the expansion of the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts, has resulted in the planting of more than 66 billion trees with new research showing that the plantations are expanding leaf cover significantly faster than natural forests.
According to a 2026 study, planted forests in northern China are increasing their leaf area around 66 per cent faster than nearby natural woodlands. Researchers attribute the rapid canopy growth to the relatively young age of the plantations, the use of fast-growing tree species such as poplar, and active forest management practices, including vegetation control and regulated tree density.
The study noted that vegetation cover across northern China has increased from about five per cent in the late 1970s to approximately 13–14 per cent today, reflecting the impact of the country’s long running “Great Green Wall” initiative aimed at reducing desertification.
However, scientists cautioned that faster canopy growth does not necessarily translate into greater long term carbon storage. While plantations develop leaf cover rapidly, evidence from a 2025 Nature study suggests that naturally regenerating forests accumulate more above ground carbon during their early decades. Soil carbon in plantations may take more than 60 years to reach levels found in secondary natural forests.
Researchers also highlighted limitations in current global climate models, many of which do not distinguish between managed plantations and natural forests. This can lead to inaccuracies in estimating carbon sequestration and assessing the climate benefits of reforestation programmes.
Study lead author Yuhang Luo said effective afforestation depends not only on planting more trees but also on selecting suitable species, choosing appropriate locations and ensuring long term management.
The findings suggest that while plantation forests play an important role in controlling desertification and increasing vegetation cover, protecting and restoring natural forests remains essential for achieving durable carbon storage and long term climate mitigation.