Paying to Breathe: India Expanding ‘Pollution Economy’ Raises Questions on Inequality and Public Investment
As air quality worsens and access to safe drinking water remains uneven, India is witnessing the rapid rise of what analysts describe as a “pollution economy” a growing private marketplace built around protection from environmental exposure.
From air and water purifiers to N95 masks, monitoring devices and filtration services, environmental degradation is increasingly being converted into consumer demand. While this ecosystem is generating jobs, startups and revenue streams, it also signals a troubling shift: protection from pollution is becoming a private expense rather than a public guarantee.
The Union Budget 2026–27 reduced allocation under the “Control of Pollution” head to ₹1,091 crore, down from last year’s revised estimate of ₹1,300 crore. Key institutions such as the Central...









