A groundbreaking study presented by Bart Root from Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) has uncovered massive, hidden structures beneath the Martian surface, hinting at the planet’s dynamic geological past. Using advanced data modeling and satellite missions, scientists have detected ancient formations in regions once occupied by an ocean. This discovery may also be linked to the activity of Olympus Mons, the solar system’s largest volcano.
The findings, revealed at the Europlanet Science Congress (EPSC) in Berlin, offer a new perspective on Mars’ deep interior. Dr. Root explained that these dense structures, possibly volcanic in origin or remnants of ancient impacts, were found near the northern polar cap. Some of these structures, invisible at the surface, resemble unusual shapes one even resembling a dog. The analysis of gravity data from multiple missions has provided a clearer understanding of Mars’ older northern hemisphere.
To explore Mars’ internal composition, Root’s team applied innovative methods, examining tiny deviations in satellite orbits to map the planet’s gravity field. By integrating these findings with data from NASA’s InSight mission, researchers gained insight into the thickness of the Martian crust, mantle dynamics, and deep interior activity.
The study also provided surprising revelations about the Tharsis Rise region, home to Olympus Mons. Root’s team discovered a massive lightweight structure, about 1,750 kilometers wide and located deep beneath the surface. This structure is believed to be responsible for the uplift of the Tharsis region, sparking theories that Mars may still experience active movements in its mantle.
“NASA’s InSight mission has reshaped our understanding of Mars’ outer layer. The data suggests that the Red Planet’s interior could still be in motion, contributing to surface changes, including volcanic formations,” said Dr. Root.
Though Mars is not currently home to active volcanoes, this research raises the possibility that volcanic activity may have continued on the planet more recently than previously assumed. The Tharsis region, in particular, shows signs of resurfacing in recent geological history, challenging prior beliefs about Mars’ volcanic timeline.
The study opens up new discussions about the planet’s potential for future activity, inviting further exploration into Mars’ mysterious geological processes.