Delhi scorching summer is pushing millions of low income workers into a daily battle between earning a living and protecting their health. As temperatures continue to cross 40°C and, in some areas, approach 45°C, outdoor workers such as rickshaw pullers, street vendors, drivers and domestic helpers are finding it increasingly difficult to cope with extreme heat.
In one of Delhi busiest markets air conditioned stores offer relief to shoppers, but outside, workers remain exposed to the blazing sun for hours. For many taking a break is not an option because missing a day of work means losing income needed for food, rent and other basic expenses.
Fifty two year old cycle rickshaw driver Harish Chandra says Delhi’s summers have become harsher every year. He begins work in the morning when temperatures are lower, but by midday, the heat becomes unbearable. Despite feeling exhausted, he continues working because his family depends on his daily earnings. To escape some of the heat, he recently sent his wife and children back to their village in Bihar, where living conditions are less crowded.
Climate experts warn that heatwaves across India are becoming longer, stronger and more unpredictable due to climate change. Cities such as Delhi are particularly vulnerable because of the urban heat island effect, where concrete buildings, traffic and limited green spaces trap heat and raise temperatures.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently urged people to stay hydrated, carry water while travelling and watch for signs of heat exhaustion. He also appealed to citizens to place water for birds and animals struggling in the extreme weather.
For auto rickshaw driver Mohammad Umar, the heat has already affected his health. The 50 year old says he was forced to stay home for a day after suffering severe weakness and a racing heartbeat. Missing work however, came at a financial cost. He estimates losing between ₹500 and ₹700 in daily earnings whenever he cannot work.
Studies suggest that rising temperatures could have major economic consequences. According to estimates by the International Labour Organization, heat stress may reduce India’s total working hours by 5.8 percent by 2030. Another report found that India lost around 247 billion potential labour hours in 2024 because of extreme heat, leading to economic losses worth billions of dollars.
Doctors are also raising concerns about growing health risks. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause dehydration, heat exhaustion, kidney problems and low blood pressure. Medical experts warn that symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, headaches and nausea should not be ignored.
The challenge does not end when workers return home. Many migrant labourers live in crowded settlements with poor ventilation and unreliable electricity. Homes made from tin sheets and plastic absorb heat during the day and remain hot throughout the night, preventing proper rest and recovery.
Women face additional burdens as they balance physically demanding jobs with household responsibilities. Sanjeeda, a widow who works in homes and small establishments, says she recently suffered severe headaches and fever after prolonged exposure to the sun. Despite the conditions, she continues working because her family depends on her income.
While Delhi authorities have introduced heat action plans, including public advisories, cooling centres and water facilities, many workers say these measures are difficult to access during long workdays spent on the move.
As climate change continues to intensify heatwaves, experts warn that millions of vulnerable workers across India may face increasing health and economic risks. For many families, survival remains a greater priority than safety, forcing them to endure dangerous temperatures in order to earn a living.