A new book documenting urban forestry projects across Africa argues that trees and green spaces are becoming essential tools in the fight against climate change, biodiversity loss, and growing urban inequality. As African cities expand at one of the fastest rates in the world, experts say urban forests are no longer a luxury but a necessity for creating healthier and more resilient communities.
Africa’s population is approaching 1.5 billion, and nearly 80 percent of future population growth is expected to occur in urban areas. At the same time, climate change is bringing more frequent heatwaves, hotter nights, and increasing flood risks to many cities. In response, governments and local authorities are investing in tree planting campaigns, urban parks, and green corridors to help reduce temperatures and improve living conditions.
The newly released book, Urban Forests and Green Spaces in Africa: Case Studies and Lessons from Across the Continent, presents 34 case studies from 14 African countries. Published by Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo, the book highlights successful projects ranging from biodiversity restoration in Rwanda’s Kigali and mini Miyawaki forests in Nairobi to urban greening initiatives in Harare, Dakar, and Johannesburg.
According to experts featured in the publication, urban forests provide much more than visual appeal. Trees help absorb carbon dioxide, cool cities, improve air quality, reduce flood risks, support wildlife, and promote physical and mental well-being. These benefits are becoming increasingly important as cities struggle with rising temperatures and environmental pressures.
However, the book also warns that planting more trees is not always enough. Scientists and urban planners are increasingly questioning the types of trees being planted and whether restoration projects are delivering long-term ecological benefits. Several contributors argue that urban greening efforts should prioritize indigenous and locally adapted species rather than relying heavily on imported trees chosen mainly for aesthetic reasons.
In South Africa, for example, city authorities are shifting toward a more diverse mix of native tree species while still retaining some non-native trees valued by local communities. Similar approaches are being encouraged across the continent to strengthen biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.
The case studies also reveal challenges facing urban forests. Rapid urbanization continues to threaten green spaces, while vandalism, poor maintenance, and pressure from real estate development remain significant concerns. In Nigeria, researchers documented the clearing of an urban forest to make way for a luxury housing project, highlighting the ongoing conflict between development and environmental protection.
Experts say community involvement is critical for the success of urban greening programs. Projects in countries such as Rwanda, Kenya, and Senegal demonstrate that local participation can improve tree survival rates and strengthen long-term stewardship of green spaces.
The book concludes that decisions made today about urban forests will shape the future livability of African cities. With climate risks intensifying and urban populations growing rapidly, experts argue that trees should be viewed not as decorative additions but as vital living infrastructure capable of helping cities adapt to a changing world.