New Delhi: Strategic urban greening could become a powerful tool in Delhi’s battle against air pollution, with environmental experts highlighting that scientifically planned plantations can reduce dust, absorb harmful gases and cool urban temperatures. According to environmental planning specialists, planting the right trees in the right locations is not merely an aesthetic exercise but an important public health measure for one of the world’s most polluted cities.
Research cited in the study shows that trees, shrubs and grasses help capture airborne particles on their leaves, branches and bark, reducing the amount of pollution inhaled by residents. Vegetation also stabilizes exposed soil, limiting dust resuspension a major contributor to Delhi’s particulate pollution. In addition, plants absorb gaseous pollutants such as sulphur and nitrogen oxides while promoting better air circulation and pollutant dispersion.
Studies conducted across Delhi found significantly higher particulate matter concentrations in less vegetated areas such as Anand Vihar and Jahangirpuri compared to greener localities including Mandir Marg and Sri Aurobindo Marg. Dense shrub barriers around schools, hospitals and pedestrian zones have also been shown to reduce exposure to harmful particles at breathing height.
Experts emphasize that species selection is critical. A 2024 study by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute identified Peepal and Karanj among the most pollution-tolerant tree species for Delhi. Other recommended species include Neem, Arjun, Jamun, Banyan, Imli, Mango and Amaltas due to their ability to capture dust and withstand polluted urban conditions.
The report also highlights opportunities for greening roads, flyovers and footpaths. Grasses such as Vetiver and Dhoob can be planted on narrow road medians, while larger medians can accommodate shrubs and pollution tolerant trees. Spaces beneath flyovers can be transformed using climbers and vegetation that help absorb pollutants and reduce the visual impact of concrete structures.
However, experts warn that indiscriminate plantation drives may backfire. Large trees planted without proper spacing in narrow streets can trap pollutants and restrict airflow, potentially worsening local air quality. Effective urban greening requires careful planning of species, density and placement to maximize pollutant removal while maintaining adequate ventilation.
Environmental planners argue that urban greening should be viewed as essential infrastructure rather than a beautification project. When designed scientifically, green belts can function as natural air filters, dust barriers, temperature regulators and biodiversity corridors, contributing significantly to cleaner and healthier cities.