New Delhi: The increasing frequency of extreme weather events worldwide has exposed critical resilience gaps as disasters now often strike in combination rather than in isolation. Scientists and climate experts warn that compound events where two or more hazards such as heatwaves and floods occur simultaneously or in rapid succession are becoming more common leading to heightened destruction and economic strain
In 2022, Pakistan endured a record-breaking heatwave, swiftly followed by catastrophic monsoon rains. The extreme heat dried out the soil, reducing its ability to absorb water, which amplified flooding that submerged nearly a third of the country and displaced over 33 million people. The aftermath saw widespread disease outbreaks and a staggering $30 billion in economic losses, driving millions into poverty.
Similarly, in July 2024, Hurricane Beryl devastated Texas, causing widespread flooding and power outages. As recovery efforts began, a severe heatwave hit, pushing temperatures beyond 100°F (37.7°C). With power systems down, cooling centers were inaccessible, leaving residents vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. Hospitals soon faced overwhelming cases of heat stress and carbon monoxide poisoning due to improper generator use.
These cases highlight the urgent need for infrastructure that can withstand multiple climate stressors. Experts emphasize that risk assessments must account for interconnected hazards, ensuring preparedness for overlapping disasters.
Proposed adaptation strategies include:
- Multi-hazard planning: Implementing backup power systems, multi-purpose cooling and evacuation centers to address diverse risks.
- Nature-based solutions: Expanding urban green spaces, green roofs, and forests to provide natural cooling and enhance water absorption, reducing flood severity.
- Climate-smart urban design: Adopting permeable pavements, elevated structures, rainwater harvesting, and heat-resistant building materials to improve resilience.
- Community-led adaptation: Empowering local populations through education and engagement to enhance disaster preparedness and response.
A new report titled “Double Jeopardy Addressing Compound Flood and Heatwave Events”, developed by climate organizations including the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, London School of Economics and Mercy Corps provides critical insights into tackling these growing threats. By integrating multi-hazard approaches with smart adaptation strategies experts believe cities and communities can better withstand the escalating challenges posed by compound climate events.